8.15 in the morning

8.15 in the morning. the circled area is under the shade. especially the right side (lower right side of the panels) will be under shade the whole day.

New Show....

Those PV panels have been installed there since months ago, and since the beginning there is already this obvious mistake in installation of the panels. Part of the lower panels are in shade and in the morning the shade is even worse because the building I am in is in the east direction of the panels.

The bosses (in my office) have just realized days ago and when there are visitors, he always asks me to step aside and have a look on those panels from my window side. Just like what he did just now. The visitor does not always understand the situation, actually.

Anyway, the decision to install such massive solar panel was not really "correct".

Part of Yes Man that I like

got it from someone...I also like this part..

Micro Hydro Terminologies - Third Batch

The following definitions are also coming from various sources, especially internet sources.

Civil Works

• Axis of dam: A vertical plane or curved surface, appearing as a line in plan or cross section, to which horizontal dimensions can be referred
• Baffle block: One of a series of upright obstructions usually of concrete, constructed in a channel or stilling basin, designed to dissipate the energy of water flowing at high velocity.
• Bedrock: A general term for any solid rock, not exhibiting soil-like properties, that underlies soil or other surficial materials.
• Cofferdam: A temporary barrier, usually an earthen dike, constructed around a worksite in a reservoir or on a stream, so the worksite can be dewatered or the water level controlled so that construction can proceed in the dry
• Dam: A structure to retain water inflows for specific uses
• Earth dam: An embankment dam in which more than the half of the total volume is formed of compacted fine grained material
• Forebay: Impoundment immediately upstream from a dam or hydroelectric plant intake structure.
• Gabion: Wire basket, filled with stones, used to stabilize banks of a water course and to enhance habitat.
• Headrace channel: A free-flow tunnel or open channel which conveys water to the upper end of a penstock (Definition Ref. ICOLD, Tech Dict Dams 1978
• Intake structure: A structure on the upstream dam face for the purpose of directing water into a confined conduit and eventually to the turbines. The intake structure provides for the installation of trashracks and gates to control the water flow.
• Overflow spillway: A spillway on a dam that functions like a dam, but allows water to safely flow over it.
• Power house: Structure that houses turbines, generators, and associated control equipments
• Rock anchor: A steel rod or cable placed in a hole drilled in rock, held in position by grout, mechanical means, or both. Similar to a rock bolt but usually the rock anchor is more than 4 meters long.
• Sand trap: Part of civil construction that has the function to separate the undesired sediment carried by the flow from the water
• Surge tank: An open-surface reservoir of water decreasing the effects of shock pressure waves in the penstock
• Tailrace: A channel for discharging water after the generation of electricity.
• Trust block (anchor block): A massive block of concrete built to withstand a thrust or pull.

Hydro Mechanical

• Expansion joint: A separation between adjoining parts of a concrete or steel structure which is provided to allow small relative movements, such as those caused by temperature changes, to occur independently.
• Gate: A movable, watertight barrier for the control of water in a waterway. See fixed-wheel gate,sluice gate, vertical lift gate, or wicket gate.
• Penstock: a pipeline bringing water under pressure to the turbine
• Sluice gate: A gate that can be opened or closed by sliding in supporting guides.
• Stop logs: Large logs, planks, cut timbers, steel or concrete beams placed on top of each other with their ends held in guides between walls or piers to close an opening in a dam, conduit, spillway, etc., to control the passage of water.
• Trash rack: A metal device placed at the intake structure that prevents floating or submerged debris from entering the intake.
• Manometer: An instrument used for measuring the pressure of liquids and gases

Mechanical Electrical

• Automatic voltage regulator (AVR): It is important part in Synchronous Generators, it controls the output voltage of the generator by controlling its excitation current
• Bearing: Device that supports, guides, and reduces the friction of motion between fixed and moving machine parts
• Bulb-type turbine: A hydroelectric set with its casing containing the generator and turbine immersed in the water flow
• Cavitation: The phenomenon of formation of vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below its vapour pressure. In devices such as propellers and pumps, cavitation causes a great deal of noise, damage to components, vibrations, and a loss of efficiency.
• Crossflow Turbine: Type of turbine that the water passes through the turbine transversely, or across the turbine blades.
• Electronic Load Controller (ELC): An electronic device that keeps a synchronous generator driven by a Micro Hydro turbine running at constant frequency irrespective of electrical loads
• Erosion: Damages on turbine parts (i.e. runner, needle, nozzle, runner buckets etc.) due to cavitation
• Francis turbine: A hydraulic reaction type turbine with fixed runner blades usually operated from a medium or low head source with medium flow rate
• Generator: Machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
• Impulse turbine: A turbine in which a fluid acts chiefly by its kinetic energy
• Induction Generator Controller (IGC): An electronic device that keeps an asynchronous motor + capacitors that is used as generator driven by a Micro Hydro turbine running at constant frequency irrespective of electrical loads
• Kaplan turbine: An axial hydraulic reaction type turbine with adjustable runner blades operated with a high flow rate
• Main circuit breaker: An automatic switch that stops the flow of electric current in a suddenly overloaded or otherwise abnormally stressed electric circuit
• Nozzle: A mechanical device designed to control the characteristics of a fluid flow as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe via an orifice.
• Pelton turbine: A hydraulic impulse type turbine usually operated from a high head source with small flow rate
• Propeller turbine: A Kaplan type turbine with non-adjustable runner blades suitable for non-varying head sources
• Rated speed: The speed at which a device, apparatus, conveyance, elevator, etc., is designed to operate in the upward direction with the rated load
• Reaction turbine: A turbine in which a fluid acts both by its kinetic energy and by its pressure
• Runaway speed: Turbine's/generator's speed at full flow, and no shaft load
• Runner: Moving part of a turbine where water power is transformed into the rotational force that drives the generator
• Speed governor: A device which adjusts the intake valves of the turbine in order to maintain the speed of rotation at a required value
• Turbine: A machine for generating rotary mechanical power from the energy of a stream of fluid (such as water, steam, or hot gas), by converting the kinetic energy of fluids to mechanical energy through the principles of impulse and reaction, or a mixture of the two